Authors’ Contributions: AH contributed to the design, performed the interviews, AHH interpreted data from the interviews. LFS has contributed to the design, interpretation, and discussion. AN analysed the data and AA wrote the draft and has revised the content, scientific writing. All authors have approved the final manuscript as well.
Categories | Sub Items | n | % | Male | Female | χ2/ρ-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 45 | 79.56 | - | - | 1.105/ 0.000 |
Female | 28 | 20.44 | - | - | ||
Age (Mean = 66.3, SD = 1.71) | 60–70 (young old) | 36 | 49.32 | 20 | 16 | 2.125/0.000 |
71–80 (middle old) | 21 | 28.77 | 13 | 8 | ||
≥ 81 (old old) | 16 | 21.92 | 8 | 8 | ||
Ethnicity | Persian | 30 | 41.10 | 15 | 15 | 4.142/0.000 |
Arab | 22 | 30.14 | 18 | 4 | ||
Lor | 21 | 28.77 | 16 | 5 | ||
Educational status | No formal school | 52 | 71.23 | 21 | 31 | 12.5/ 0.000 |
Only reading | 17 | 23.29 | 10 | 7 | ||
Primary | 2 | 2.74 | 2 | 0 | ||
Middle school | 1 | 1.37 | 1 | 0 | ||
High school | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | ||
Graduated | 1 | 1.37 | 1 | 0 | ||
Marital status | Divorced | 1 | 1.37 | 1 | 0 | 32.4/0.000 |
Widowed | 21 | 28.77 | 7 | 14 | ||
Separated | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | ||
Married | 43 | 58.90 | 31 | 12 | ||
Never married | 2 | 2.74 | 0 | 2 | ||
Living with other | 6 | 8.22 | 0 | 6 | ||
Length of married time (Mean = 29.3, SD = 3.27) [national range: Mean = 25.1 and SD = 3.1] | ≤ 10 year | 9 | 12.33 | 9 | 0 | 21.61/ 0.000 |
11–20 year | 15 | 20.55 | 10 | 5 | ||
21–30 year | 47 | 64.38 | 33 | 14 | ||
≥ 31 year | 2 | 2.74 | 0 | 2 | ||
Family members (Mean = 5.7, SD = 1.34) | ≤ 5 persons | 41 | 56.16 | 20 | 21 | 23.8/ 0.005 |
≥ 6 persons | 32 | 43.84 | 15 | 17 | ||
Economic support and pensioning | Nothing | 52 | 71.23 | 12 | 40 | 21.3/0.000 |
Public | 19 | 26.03 | 10 | 9 | ||
Private | 2 | 2.74 | 2 | 0 | ||
Range of financial support upon urban poverty ratio* (Mean = 936439.79, SD = 1.48) | Nothing | 48 | 65.75 | 36 | 12 | 23.5/0.000 |
≤ 990,000 | 10 | 13.70 | 5 | 5 | ||
1000000–4500000 | 8 | 10.96 | 8 | 0 | ||
4510000–7990000 | 5 | 6.85 | 5 | 0 | ||
≥ 8000000 | 2 | 2.74 | 2 | 0 | ||
Municipal zones† | 1= Middle Class | 12 | 16.44 | 6 | 6 | 34.01/0.059 |
2= Developed | 8 | 10.96 | 5 | 3 | ||
3= Developed | 8 | 10.96 | 3 | 5 | ||
4= Undeveloped | 13 | 17.81 | 10 | 3 | ||
5= Undeveloped | 7 | 9.59 | 4 | 3 | ||
6= Middle Class | 4 | 5.48 | 2 | 2 | ||
7= Middle Class | 9 | 12.33 | 5 | 4 | ||
8= Undeveloped | 12 | 16.44 | 5 | 7 |
Domains (Item Number) | No. of items | Mean (95%CI)* | Median | SD | Cronbach’s α | KS† | SV‡ | df | ρ-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seizure worry (11,21,22,23,25) | 5 | 54.5 (28–81) | 53 | 26.04 | 0.83 | 0.094 | 0.089 | 72 | 0.0001 |
Overall QoL (1,14) | 2 | 53.2 (21–72) | 47 | 28.01 | 0.85 | 0.074 | 0.087 | 73 | 0.0001 |
Emotional well-being (3,4,5, 7,9) | 5 | 58.7 (39.2–87.2) | 65 | 21.01 | 0.79 | 0.149 | 0.152 | 72 | 0.0001 |
Energy/fatigue (2,6,8,10) | 4 | 20.0 (11.25–28.75) | 53 | 19.21 | 0.73 | 0.092 | 0.071 | 72 | 0.0001 |
Cognitive functioning (12,15,16,17,18,26) | 6 | 50.7 (32.8–68.6) | 47 | 13.30 | 0.81 | 0.073 | 0.088 | 73 | 0.0002 |
Medication effects (24,29,30) | 3 | 42.28 (13.86–70.7) | 33 | 22.82 | 0.87 | 0.147 | 0.133 | 72 | 0.0001 |
Social functioning (13,19,20,27,28) | 5 | 59.84 (37.42–82.26) | 54 | 25.33 | 0.88 | 0.148 | 0.145 | 72 | 0.0001 |
Total score | 30 | 52.5 (38–67) | 53 | 19.42 | 0.89 | 0.083 | 0.091 | 71 | 0.0001 |
BP, bodily pain; GH, general health; MH, mental health; PF, physical functioning; RE, role emotional; RP, role physical; SF, social functioning; VT, vitality; SW, seizure worry; OQoL, overall quality of life; EWB, emotional well-being; E/F, energy/fatigue; CF, cognitive functioning; ME, medication effects; SF, social functioning; TQoLIE, total scores of overall QoLIE-31, TSF, total scores of SF-36.